Researches in the field of spatial analysis, especially in rural areas, provide a broader view of the conditions of spatial settlement and, if comparative, provide a suitable reflection of the current and past situation of the evaluated territory. Therefore, examining the spatial distribution of population in a country like Iran can reveal issues such as imbalance in the network of population settlement and exploitation of territorial resources in the stable field of the geographical environment. This research, based on its mission, focuses on the villages of Shabestar city and seeks to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of the population of rural settlements and the distribution of the population of these areas in the city. Based on this, the research method is applied and with an analytical-descriptive approach based on the collection of statistical, documentary and library data. Spatial analysis tools with ArcGIS Pro software have been used in this process. The results of the research showed that in the nearest neighborhood model, the calculated standard score indicates the randomness of the residential pattern and was statistically significant. In the multi-interval spatial pattern analysis, due to the positive results, it is partially benefited from the population cluster pattern at the city level. Also, in determining Moran's autocorrelation index, it can be concluded that the prevailing spatial pattern is random and the rural population is randomly distributed in the city. This test completes and confirms the settlement conditions and the population of the villages of Shabestar city. In the final results of the investigation of the time periods from 2006 to 2016, it was shown that the number of residential density (hot spots) increased from one number in 2006 to several numbers in 2016, which is indicative of the movement towards clustering and up to It shows the limit of the polar pattern.