Food insecurity and climate change are the most significant global challenges threatening agricultural sustainability. Climate-smart agriculture is an effective approach to enhancing resilience and adaptation to climate change. However, the role of cognitive factors - particularly climate knowledge - has received less attention in the adoption of this approach. Accordingly, this study aims to extend the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by incorporating climate knowledge to explain the adoption of climate-smart agriculture in Chabahar coastal region. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising 24 items based on six constructs. The validity and reliability of the instrument were confirmed, and the data were analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS software through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that the proposed model exhibited adequate fit and explanatory power. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained 59% of the variance in behavioral intention, while behavioral intention accounted for 51% of the variance in CSA adoption behavior. All research hypotheses were confirmed. Subjective norm had the greatest influence on behavioral intention (β = 0.391), followed by perceived behavioral control and attitude. Additionally, climate knowledge had a positive and significant effect on attitude (β = 0.631), subjective norm (β = 0.594), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.563). The findings indicate that climate knowledge enhances adoption of climate-smart agriculture by reinforcing cognitive and social factors. Therefore, enhancing climate knowledge through educational and extension programs can play an effective role in promoting CSA and increasing farmers' resilience to climate change.