آمایش و توسعه نواحی ساحلی و مرزی

آمایش و توسعه نواحی ساحلی و مرزی

تأثیر صنعت گردشگری بر توسعه اقتصادی سکونتگاه‌های ساحلی مرزی مطالعه موردی : روستاهای رمین و تیس در شهرستان چابهار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی آمایش سرزمین، دانشگاه بین‌المللی چابهار، سیستان و بلوچستان، ایران
10.22034/jpd.2024.2041199.1060
چکیده
گردشگری ساحلی پدیده‌ای متناقض و پیچیده است. صنعتی ارز آور، متعادل‌کننده توسعه اقتصادی در سطح مناطق و برقرارکننده توزیع عادلانه درآمد و همچنین برخوردار از نقش اساسی در ایجاد مشاغل و منابع تکمیلی مستقیم و ثانوی درآمد است که می‌تواند با انتقال ثروت از جوامع دارا و تزریق آن به اقتصاد کشورهای جهان سوم، امیدبخش‌ترین ابزار توسعه برای شهرها و روستاهای هدف گردشگری باشد. لذا هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر صنعت گردشگری بر توسعه اقتصادی سکونتگاه‌های ساحلی در روستاهای هدف گردشگری رمین و تیس شهرستان چابهار می‌باشد. روش تحقیق از نظر هدف کاربردی، بر حسب ماهیت کمی و نحوه اجراء آن، توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و GIS Arc و روش‌های (مدل جنگل تصادفی و شاخص IGR) استفاده شد. نتایج آزمون با توجه به میزان میانگین به‌دست‌آمده (بیشتر از عدد 3) در شاخص‌های اقتصادی، نشان‌دهنده تأثیر مثبت صنعت گردشگری در توسعه اقتصادی می‌باشد. همچنین نتایج آزمون همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد، بین شاخص‌های اقتصادی و صنعت گردشگری شهرستان چابهار، در سطح معناداری کمتر از 05/0، ارتباط مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. در ادامه نتایج آزمون دو جمله‌ای نشان داد، جذب گردشگر بر توسعه زیربنایی، رشد اشتغال و افزایش درآمد روستاهای رمین و تیس در شهرستان اثرگذار است. در نهایت طبق نتایج روش تحلیل شبکه‌ای مشخص شد بیشتر سطح محدوده شهرستان در وضعیت کاملاً نامناسب قرارگرفته است اما مناطق محدوده خط ساحلی با تأکید بر روستاهای تیس و رمین، در وضعیت مناسب قرار دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Impact of the Tourism Industry on the Economic Development of Coastal Settlements Border: A case study of Ramin and Tis villages in Chabahar county

نویسندگان English

Mohammadkarim Raesi 1
Abdolrahman .Irannejad 2
1 Department of Geograohy, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Geography and Land Use Planning, Chabahar International University, Chabahar, Iran
چکیده English

A B S T R A C T
Coastal tourism is a paradoxical and complex phenomenon. It is a valuable industry that balances economic development at the regional level and establishes a fair distribution of income, and also has a fundamental role in creating jobs and additional sources of direct and secondary income, which can be achieved by transferring wealth from wealthy societies and injecting it into the economy of third world countries. It is the most promising development tool for cities and villages that are the target of tourism. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of the tourism industry on the economic development of coastal settlements in the target villages of Ramin and Tis in Chabahar county. The research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of its practical purpose, in terms of its quantitative nature and its implementation. SPSS and GIS Arc software and methods (random forest model and IGR index) were used for data analysis. The results of the test, according to the average value obtained (more than 3) in economic indicators, show the positive impact of the tourism industry on economic development. Also, the results of the Pearson correlation test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the economic indicators and the tourism industry of Chabahar county, at a significance level of less than 0.05. Further, the results of the two-sentence test showed that the attraction of tourists has an effect on infrastructure development, employment growth and income increase in Ramin and Tis villages in the county. Finally, according to the results of the network analysis method, it was found that most of the area is in a completely unsuitable condition, but the coastal areas with emphasis on the villages of Tis and Ramin are in a good condition.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Today, tourism as a sustainable economic activity has a great impact on the economic development of countries; and causes the socio-economic development of local communities. In recent decades, tourism has been recognized as the world's largest industry, which is considered as a multifaceted issue of important solutions to achieve sustainable development, because its environmental degradation effects are very small and a constant source.. The balance between the benefits of tourism determines the development of tourism activity and is one of the sustainable factors of tourism. Tourism development in a region is always affected by local capacities and capabilities. Therefore, in communities interested in tourism development, in order to achieve sustainability of tourism, measuring environmental capabilities on the one hand and choosing the appropriate type of tourism is of particular importance in land preparation. Land development in relation to tourism should be accompanied by a systemic view of this phenomenon, which is formed in the framework of supply and demand.

Methodology
The current research is applied in terms of purpose, quantitative in nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of implementation. The statistical population of all the people involved in tourism in Chabahar city, who are in two groups that were selected randomly, includes: all officials and government officials involved in tourism in the cultural heritage and tourism organization, which are 66 people. Activists of the tourism sector such as restaurants, hotels and transportation located around the surveyed villages, which are 100 people. From the first sample, the entire statistical population, which is 66 people. From the second sample, the number of 78 people was determined using Cochran's formula. Of these, 144 usable questionnaires were collected. Sample size To answer the questions of the research models, 20 experts (first group) were selected using targeted sampling. The information obtained from quantitative findings is arranged in two descriptive and analytical (inferential) sections. Descriptive statistics including section, frequency and average were analyzed according to the type of variables. SPSS and Arc GIS software and methods (random forest model and IGR index) were used for data analysis.

Results and discussion
The findings of the research have been analyzed in two descriptive and inferential parts. The results of the descriptive findings showed that out of 144 respondents, 55 (38.3%) were women and 89 (61.7%) were men. In terms of education, 6 people (4.3 percent) have a bachelor's degree, 21 people (14.8 percent) have a diploma, 35 people (24.1 percent) have a postgraduate education, 66 people (45.7 percent) have a bachelor's degree, and 16 (11.1 percent) had a master's degree or higher. In terms of age, 34 people (23.5 percent) are between 20 and 30 years old, 76 people (52.5 percent) are between 31 and 40 years old, 28 people (19.7 percent) are between 41 and 50 years old, and 6 people (4.3 percent) were 51 years old and older. Also, in terms of work experience, 12 respondents (0.8 percent) had work experience of 1 to 5 years, 54 people (37.7 percent) had work experience of 6 to 10 years. year, 43 people (29.6 percent) had a work experience of 11 to 15 years, 29 people (20.4 percent) had a work experience of 16 to 20 years, and 6 people (4.3 percent) had a work experience of 21 years and above.

Conclusion
Economists refer to the tourism industry as a productive industry that creates development, capital and employment, and they pay special attention to this industry, so they believe that the proper development of tourism in an economic sense will increase foreign exchange. If the city of Chabahar can use the tourism potentials of the region, especially in the marine and coastal area, they will witness a tremendous prosperity in the region. The impact of this industry can be examined from different aspects and it is important that some of these components are: 1- Income growth 2- Employment in many fields 3- Dynamics of the retail market. 4- Activation of airports and transportation systems (infrastructures) 5- Increasing investment. 6-Increase of local and indigenous and industrial productions, handicrafts and cultural products 7-Increase of private sector investment. Creating employment and obtaining stable and appropriate income as well as infrastructure development is one of the economic effects of this industry. Creating employment, earning income and developing infrastructure prevents the migration of villagers, on the other hand, it is very important in diversifying and enriching the local economy, for local productions, whether handicrafts or agricultural products, for the sustenance of tourists. It creates new markets. In addition, it is also effective in improving the quality of handicraft agricultural products. Tourism can become the basis for regional development and the formation of native and community-oriented tourism by tending to sustainable development at the regional level. Also, estimating the density and capacity in the areas; economic infrastructures in different sectors; economic empowerment; Ability to supply other products needed by tourists; Studying and estimating the facilities and different types of settlements in the areas and population centers of the region are among the things that should be taken into consideration in the preparation of the land based on tourism.

Funding
There is no funding support.

Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.

Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

"
tourism industry"
economic development"
coastal settlements"
, "
Ramin and Tis Chabahar villages "
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دوره 2، شماره 1
بهار 1405
صفحه 59-74

  • تاریخ دریافت 23 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 12 فروردین 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 04 اردیبهشت 1405